Maintenance Manual for Model A31

1、Scope of Application

This manual is applicable to Model A31, whose main features include but are not limited to:

• 72V65AH lead-acid battery
• 2000W pure electric propulsion motor
• Front and rear disc brakes
• Instrument display
• Bluetooth, radio, heater, sunroof fan and etc.

This manual serves as a reference for daily maintenance, troubleshooting, and basic repairs, and does not cover high-voltage modification or performance upgrade operations.

1.1 Model

      1.2 Serial Number

The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) is printed on the right side of the chassis.

The nameplate is mounted on the right side panel of the seat.

The motor code is printed on the outer shell of the motor.

1.3 Specifications

Main Specifications

1.4 Names and Locations of Main Components

2、Circuit Diagram

Overall Circuit Diagram

3、Safety Precautions

1.Before maintenance, the power supply must be turned off and the battery connection plug must be pulled out.

2.Any maintenance operations are prohibited while the battery is being charged.

3.Avoid short-circuiting, squeezing, or dropping the battery when handling it.

4.If severe aging or ablation of the circuit wires is found, the vehicle should be stopped immediately.

5.Non-professionals are not allowed to disassemble the internal structures of the controller and motor.

6.Live maintenance is prohibited in rainy or humid environments.

4、List of Common Tools

• Phillips/flathead screwdrivers
• Hexagon socket wrenches
• Adjustable wrenches/socket wrenches
• Multimeter (for voltage and resistance detection)
• Long-nose pliers/diagonal pliers
• Cable ties, insulating tape

5、Structural Description of Main Components

        5.1 Battery System

• Specification: 72V65AH
• Type: Lead-acid battery
• Installation Location: Front part under the loading/unloading hopper

   5.2 Motor and Transmission

• Type: Pure electric propulsion motor
• Operating Power: 2000W
• Driven by the controller

        5.3  Controller

• Location: Middle part of the loading/unloading hopper
• Function: Controls motor speed and current output
• Common Issues: Water ingress, loose connectors, component aging

        5.4  Brake System

• Front Brake: Disc brake
• Rear Brake: Disc brake
• Common Issues: Decreased braking performance, wear of brake discs

6、Daily Maintenance Items

        6.1 Weekly Inspection

• Check if the tire pressure is normal.
• Check the brake sensitivity.
• Check if the battery is firmly fixed.

        6.2 Monthly Inspection

• Check if the wire harness is worn or aged.
• Check if the front and rear wheel axle nuts are loose.
• Check if electronic components such as the headlight, turn signal, brake light, tail light, and horn are functioning properly.

         6.3 Quarterly Inspection

• Test if the battery voltage is normal.
• Check if the controller has signs of water ingress or overheating.
• Check the wear condition of the brake discs.
• Check the shock absorbers: Press the vehicle body to see if the shock absorbers rebound strongly and if there is any oil leakage.
• Check if the front and rear wheel bearings and steering column bearings move smoothly.
• Check the parts of the vehicle body with paint peeling or rust.

7、Common Faults and Troubleshooting Methods

        7.1 No Power to the Entire Vehicle and Failure to Start

Possible Causes:

• Dead or damaged battery
• Loose battery plug
• Damaged air switch
• Faulty controller

Troubleshooting Methods:

• Use a multimeter to measure the battery voltage.
• Check the battery connection wires and plugs.
• Replace the air switch or controller.

        7.2 Sudden Power Cut During Driving

Possible Causes:

• Faulty brake power cut switch
• Overheating protection of the controller
• Poor battery connection

Troubleshooting Methods:

• Check if the brake power cut wire is reset.
• Wait for the controller to cool down and try again.
• Re-fix the battery connection wires.

        7.3 Weak Driving Power and Significant Speed Reduction

Possible Causes:

• Aged battery
• Reduced motor efficiency
• Insufficient tire pressure

Troubleshooting Methods:

• Test the battery capacity.
• Inflate the tires to the proper pressure.
• Replace the battery if necessary.

        7.4 Abnormal Brake Noise or Increased Braking Distance

Possible Causes:

• Worn brake pads
• Rusty brake cables or insufficient tension

Troubleshooting Methods:

• Adjust the brake cables.
• Replace the brake pads.

8、Battery Usage and Maintenance Instructions

• It is recommended to fully charge the battery three times before using a new vehicle.
• If the vehicle is not used for a long time, supplementary charging should be done once a month.
• Avoid fully depleting the battery power.
• It is a normal phenomenon that the driving range decreases in low-temperature environments in winter.

9、Disclaimer

     This manual is a general maintenance reference document. Due to differences in different brands and models, actual maintenance operations shall be based on the specific vehicle structure. The manufacturer and the publisher shall not be liable for any losses caused by improper maintenance.